Human Rescource Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Human Rescource Management - Essay Example Rousseau (1989) defines the psychological contract as â€Å"an individual’s beliefs regarding the terms and conditions of a reciprocal exchange agreement between that focal person and another party† (p. 123). There are various aspects of the work force like variations in the job, nature of job, challenges of the work and other areas that have been considered as growing areas of interests (Hughes and Palmer, 2007). There has been various human resource management issues related to the contingent work force that provided one of the most appropriate areas of studies for the professionals and researchers. According to Feldman (2006 as cited by Hughes and Palmer, 2007) the Bureau of Labour Statistics (2005) revealed that the contingent workers formed nearly 10% of the workforce in early 2005. George and Kelly-Patternson (2007) covered different importance of psychological contract within various professional groups. The present economy has transformed from the manufacturing to service and service to knowledge based economy. The experience and skills of individuals have become base for economy. The psychological contract is high in the knowledge based industry. Success of the projects depends on the psychological contract. Psychological contract is explained with respect to emotional aspects of loyalty of employees and support from the organisation (Grimmer and Oddy, 2006). There are individual perspectives of employees, perception of the employees and mutual promise among the employer and employees (Rousseau, 1995). Working relationship of the individuals and organisation is covered in psychological contract (Sparrow and Cooper, 1998). Psychological contract is explained with the use of the term â€Å"unwritten expectations† (Wellin, 2007). These expectations are ever-changing and continuously operating between the all the members of the organisation. There are transactional psychological contract and relational psychological contract. Transactional

Global Climate change abstract Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Global Climate change abstract - Assignment Example includes oil and coal deposits, limestone, and carbon-rich shale while the surface reservoirs include the hydrosphere, atmosphere, and living biomass. The long-term carbon cycle refers to the exchange of carbon between the Earth, oceans, and the atmosphere. It entails the reaction of carbon dioxide with water and rock silicate or carbonate forming magnesium, calcium bicarbonate, and silica, which then dissolve in the ocean. Heat and pressure release the carbon dioxide back to the atmosphere. On the other hand, the short-term carbon cycle denotes its exchange between the surface reservoirs, which is rapid. Carbon exchange between the atmosphere and ocean involves photosynthesis, solubility, and carbonate pump. Dissolved carbon dioxide decreases water pH (8.2 to 8.05) decreasing carbonate concentration and hence lessening the stability of aragonite and calcite essential for skeleton and shell formation. Therefore, acidification of water by carbon dioxide affects the reproduction of cal cifying organisms. Acidification of the water also causes increased levels of nutrients, zinc, copper and toxic metals affecting the ecosystem. Earth’s energy balance refers to the balance of solar radiation and the energy that radiates to space that affects the earth’s temperature. The solar constant, which is 1,367 watts per square meter, measures the amount of solar electromagnetic radiation. Received radiation on Earth depends on seasons and distance of the surface from the sun. Albedo is a measure of the total incident light on the surface reflected back to space. It relies on the nature of the surface. Emission of radiation from the matter occurs in the form of IR radiation. Energy transfer to the atmosphere happens in the form of latent and sensible heat. Climate change is subject to forcing factors including greenhouse gasses, aerosols and changes in solar irradiance and land cover. Greenhouse gasses such as methane, nitrous oxide, tropospheric ozone and carbon dioxide